The critical thing to understand is namespaces are visibility walls, not security boundaries. They prevent a process from seeing things outside its namespace. They do not prevent a process from exploiting the kernel that implements the namespace. The process still makes syscalls to the same host kernel. If there is a bug in the kernel’s handling of any syscall, the namespace boundary does not help.
Staggered vs columnar
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int key = arr[i];
blending: “smooth bleeding”